Note : ARU3KE34

Titre

Note : ARU3KE34

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<div data-citation-items="%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22itemData%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22article-journal%22%2C%22abstract%22%3A%22Within%20Big%20Data%2C%20we%20distinguish%20two%20trends%20that%20allow%20us%20to%20describe%20new%20%E2%80%9Cdiagrams%E2%80%9D%20of%20power%2C%20the%20modes%20of%20governmentality%20that%20correspond%20to%20them%2C%20and%20their%20complex%20relations%20with%20knowledge.%20This%20analysis%2C%20drawing%20upon%20the%20cybernetic%20paradigm%2C%20leads%20us%20to%20formulate%20this%20hypothesis%3A%20from%20now%20on%2C%20what%20is%20in%20question%20is%20not%20simply%20a%20new%20historical%20form%20of%20the%20relationship%20between%20knowledges%20and%20power%2C%20but%20the%20inde%EF%AC%81nite%20self-actualization%20of%20the%20latter.%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.15122%2FISBN.978-2-406-07064-1.P.0067%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22fr%22%2C%22note%22%3A%22dimensions%3A%2021%20pages%2C%20pages%2067-87%5CnISBN%3A%209782406070641%5Cnmedium%3A%20application%2Fxhtml%2Bxml%2Capplication%2Fpdf%2Conline%2Cdatabase%2Capplication%2Fxhtml%2Bxml%20%3B%20application%2Fpdf%5Cnpublisher%3A%20Classiques%20Garnier%22%2C%22page%22%3A%2221%20pages%2C%20pages%2067-87%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22DOI.org%20(Datacite)%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Big%20Data%20entre%20l%E2%80%99archive%20et%20le%20diagramme%22%2C%22URL%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.classiques-garnier.com%2Fdoi%2Fgarnier%3Farticle%3DEdgMS02_67%22%2C%22author%22%3A%5B%7B%22family%22%3A%22Khatchatourov%22%2C%22given%22%3A%22Armen%22%7D%5D%2C%22accessed%22%3A%7B%22date-parts%22%3A%5B%5B%222022%22%2C12%2C7%5D%5D%7D%2C%22issued%22%3A%7B%22date-parts%22%3A%5B%5B%222017%22%5D%5D%7D%7D%7D%5D" data-schema-version="6"><h1>Annotations (07/12/2022 à 08:07:15)</h1>
<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%223FS57SLU%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2266%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A1%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B375.59%2C483.536%2C380.548%2C488.417%5D%2C%5B56.7%2C472.003%2C381.087%2C476.884%5D%2C%5B56.7%2C460.47%2C340.326%2C465.351%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2266%22%7D%7D">« n va désormais non pas simplement d’une nouvelle forme historique de la relation entre les savoirs et le pouvoir mais de l’auto-actualisation indéfinie de ce dernier. » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2266%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 66)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22RNNMZWYY%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2267%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A2%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B156.599%2C266.51%2C382.572%2C279.926%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C253.558%2C385.212%2C266.818%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C240.562%2C382.675%2C253.822%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C227.566%2C178.151%2C240.826%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2267%22%7D%7D">« Pour ce faire, nous tenterons de dégager le diagramme d’ aujourd’hui, dans le sens où ce terme est employé par Gilles Deleuze, à savoir une représentation, une exposition « des rapports de force qui constituent le pouvoir ». » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2267%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 67)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%229RQLKPKR%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffff00%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2270%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A5%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B70.866%2C452.796%2C93.87%2C466.056%5D%2C%5B99.21%2C428.592%2C382.674%2C441.852%5D%2C%5B113.382%2C415.392%2C382.631%2C428.652%5D%2C%5B113.382%2C402.192%2C151.014%2C415.452%5D%2C%5B99.21%2C388.992%2C382.712%2C402.252%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C375.795%2C382.703%2C389.055%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C362.595%2C142.426%2C375.855%5D%2C%5B99.202%2C349.395%2C307.978%2C362.655%5D%2C%5B99.214%2C336.195%2C382.633%2C349.455%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C322.995%2C382.691%2C336.255%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C309.795%2C214.326%2C323.055%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2270%22%7D%7D">« 4 V : – Le Volume (la grande quantité des données qui nécessite souvent des capacités de stockage importantes, voire le stockage reparti) ; – La Variété (la variété des formats et des sources, par exemple lorsqu’un traitement porte à la fois sur les fichiers audio et texte) ; – La Vitesse (le « temps réel » du traitement) ; – La Véracité (la mise en place des méthodes spécifiques pour gérer l’imprécision des données, leur intégrité, leur adéquation au phénomène étudié). » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2270%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 70)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22P7TP9XFV%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2270%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A5%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B303.677%2C259.193%2C382.626%2C272.453%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C245.993%2C382.621%2C259.253%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C232.793%2C382.7%2C246.053%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C219.593%2C382.719%2C232.853%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C206.393%2C382.667%2C219.653%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2270%22%7D%7D">« Selon le « discours Big Data », nous passerions ainsi du mode de raisonnement déductif au mode inductif, mode qui ne s’appuie pas sur des théories préalables et qui est alors présenté comme le plus neutre et objectif possible en suivant un argument de type « puisque les données nous le disent... ». » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2270%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 70)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%228Q8MERFH%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffff00%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2271%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A6%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B75.561%2C539.459%2C112.162%2C550.509%5D%2C%5B120.67%2C539.459%2C147.76%2C550.509%5D%2C%5B212.77%2C539.459%2C232.995%2C550.509%5D%2C%5B319.12%2C539.459%2C342.948%2C550.509%5D%2C%5B75.56%2C524.539%2C92.887%2C535.589%5D%2C%5B120.67%2C524.539%2C200.414%2C535.589%5D%2C%5B212.77%2C524.539%2C301.943%2C535.589%5D%2C%5B319.12%2C524.535%2C377.985%2C535.585%5D%2C%5B212.77%2C513.539%2C285.959%2C524.589%5D%2C%5B75.561%2C498.611%2C101.929%2C509.661%5D%2C%5B120.671%2C498.611%2C191.977%2C509.661%5D%2C%5B212.771%2C498.611%2C265.63%2C509.661%5D%2C%5B319.121%2C498.611%2C373.43%2C509.661%5D%2C%5B212.771%2C487.611%2C265.828%2C498.661%5D%2C%5B75.561%2C472.691%2C97.712%2C483.741%5D%2C%5B120.671%2C472.691%2C177.496%2C483.741%5D%2C%5B212.771%2C472.691%2C297.607%2C483.741%5D%2C%5B319.121%2C472.691%2C368.33%2C483.741%5D%2C%5B120.671%2C461.691%2C146.616%2C472.741%5D%2C%5B212.771%2C461.691%2C255.923%2C472.741%5D%2C%5B75.561%2C446.771%2C101.597%2C457.821%5D%2C%5B120.671%2C446.771%2C193.413%2C457.821%5D%2C%5B212.771%2C446.771%2C302.391%2C457.821%5D%2C%5B319.121%2C446.771%2C337.605%2C457.821%5D%2C%5B212.771%2C435.771%2C303.125%2C446.821%5D%2C%5B212.771%2C424.771%2C240.901%2C435.821%5D%2C%5B103.129%2C397.235%2C297.137%2C409.39%5D%2C%5B299.887%2C397.191%2C350.414%2C409.963%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2271%22%7D%7D">« Paradigm Nature Form When First Experimental science Empiricism ; describing natural phenomena pre-Renaissance Second Theoretical science Modeling and generalization pre-computers Third Computational science Simulation of complex phenomena pre-Big Data Fourth Exploratory science Data-intensive ; statistical exploration and data mining Now Tab. 1 – L’hypothèse du Big Data comme le 4e paradigme8. » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2271%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 71)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22LJC8H3D9%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2272%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A7%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B370.536%2C518.988%2C385.157%2C532.248%5D%2C%5B70.854%2C505.884%2C382.661%2C519.144%5D%2C%5B70.854%2C492.78%2C382.662%2C506.04%5D%2C%5B70.854%2C479.628%2C304.984%2C493.044%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2272%22%7D%7D">« Les seuls éléments qui échappent clairement à l’enracinement ancien, nous y reviendrons, sont le volume en tant que tel et la question du passage de l’échantillon fini à la population complète (n=all). » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2272%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 72)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22N9HI2MHG%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffff00%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2272%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A7%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B85.039%2C387.996%2C382.671%2C401.256%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C374.896%2C382.654%2C388.156%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C361.796%2C382.694%2C375.056%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C348.696%2C382.696%2C361.956%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C335.596%2C382.64%2C348.856%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C322.492%2C262.526%2C335.752%5D%2C%5B85.038%2C309.388%2C382.678%2C322.648%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C296.296%2C382.675%2C309.556%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C283.196%2C382.656%2C296.456%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C270.096%2C382.672%2C283.356%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C256.996%2C382.679%2C270.256%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C243.896%2C382.667%2C257.156%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C230.796%2C382.679%2C244.056%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C217.696%2C382.662%2C230.956%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C204.596%2C382.677%2C217.856%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C191.496%2C382.672%2C204.756%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C178.396%2C145.727%2C191.656%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2272%22%7D%7D">« Ensuite, les données parlent-elles d’elles-mêmes ? Il y a bien un nouveau mode de générer les hypothèses, mais ces hypothèses restent guidées par les connaissances existantes et les présupposés des chercheurs. Les données et les résultats sont plus que jamais construits, que cela soit par le choix des données à récolter, le choix des modèles ou même le choix de tel ou tel logiciel de traitement. On a alors l’impression que la nouveauté de Big Data réside plutôt dans une combinaison spécifique des méthodes scientifiques et des enjeux épistémologiques : comment construit-on les modèles ? Quels agendas guident ces choix ? Mais plutôt que de s’intéresser à la construction sociale de la science, telle que Bruno Latour par exemple l’a thématisée en proposant en particulier de remplacer le terme de « données » par celui d’« obtenues10 », les discours Big Data s’emploient à passer sous silence cette construction, là où, paradoxalement, elle devrait être la plus apparente puisque toute action de récolte ou de traitement des données est potentiellement traçable et pourrait faire l’objet d’une analyse d’ordre épistémologique. » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2272%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 72)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22XKFGLHGC%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2273%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A8%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B181.288%2C373.596%2C382.689%2C386.856%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C360.396%2C382.696%2C373.656%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C347.196%2C382.662%2C360.456%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C333.996%2C183.43%2C347.256%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2273%22%7D%7D">« Les données sont plus que jamais construites selon les choix industriels et politiques qui orientent non seulement la recherche mais la société dans son ensemble, choix qui risquent alors d’être passés sous silence. » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2273%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 73)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22ZSKG495V%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffff00%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2274%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A9%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B85.039%2C462.044%2C382.652%2C475.304%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C448.844%2C382.661%2C462.104%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C435.644%2C382.686%2C448.904%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C422.444%2C382.67%2C435.704%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C409.244%2C382.669%2C422.504%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C396.044%2C175.068%2C409.304%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2274%22%7D%7D">« Dans sa variante la plus connue et la plus ancienne, pour laquelle nous employons ici le terme de Big Data Warehouse (entrepôt de données), le Big Data consiste en une accumulation la plus exhaustive possible des données. L’exhaustivité concerne ici aussi bien la couverture d’une population donnée (n=all) que la description, réelle ou fantasmée, de chaque individu14. » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2274%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 74)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22RQY427TA%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffff00%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2275%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A10%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B85.038%2C505.596%2C382.697%2C518.856%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C492.396%2C382.686%2C505.656%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C479.196%2C382.643%2C492.456%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C465.996%2C382.764%2C479.256%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C452.796%2C382.678%2C466.056%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C439.596%2C382.622%2C452.856%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C426.396%2C382.68%2C439.656%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C413.196%2C382.691%2C426.456%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C399.996%2C382.696%2C413.256%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C386.796%2C382.653%2C400.056%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C373.596%2C382.684%2C386.856%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C360.396%2C382.674%2C373.656%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C347.196%2C382.67%2C360.456%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C333.996%2C303.03%2C347.256%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2275%22%7D%7D">« L’exemple qui est ici sans doute le plus parlant est celui des données à caractère personnel, ce nerf de la guerre économique que les acteurs majeurs du domaine se livrent. Le concept de finalités de traitement apparaît dans les années 1970, lorsque le croisement des données des différentes bases de données gouvernementales risque de conduire à un déséquilibre des pouvoirs et de menacer les libertés individuelles. Ce concept correspond alors à l’injonction de savoir à l’avance la destination de la collecte et du traitement des données. Les données personnelles « sont collectées pour des finalités déterminées, explicites et légitimes et ne sont pas traitées ultérieurement de manière incompatible avec ces finalités15 ». Parallèlement et de manière liée, apparaissent deux autres concepts : celui des données à caractère personnel (données potentiellement identifiantes) et celui du consentement (comme l’injonction de demander à l’utilisateur son accord pour la collecte). » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2275%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 75)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%226SJVY7JI%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffff00%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2275%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A10%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B99.21%2C283.392%2C382.678%2C296.655%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C270.195%2C382.688%2C283.455%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C256.995%2C382.678%2C270.255%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C243.795%2C382.659%2C257.055%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C230.595%2C382.687%2C243.855%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C217.395%2C323.542%2C230.655%5D%2C%5B99.214%2C204.195%2C382.677%2C217.455%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C190.995%2C382.692%2C204.255%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C177.795%2C382.7%2C191.055%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C164.595%2C382.679%2C177.855%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C151.395%2C217.954%2C164.655%5D%2C%5B99.214%2C138.195%2C382.677%2C151.455%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C124.995%2C382.673%2C138.255%5D%2C%5B113.386%2C111.795%2C382.687%2C125.055%5D%2C%5B113.398%2C98.595%2C285.451%2C111.855%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C78.516%2C79.13%2C88.461%5D%2C%5B87.024%2C78.48%2C290.798%2C88.461%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2275%22%7D%7D">« – Pas de finalité préalable à la collecte et au traitement : on collecte tout ce que l’on peut, tout d’abord parce que les coûts de cette collecte sont de moins au moins élevés, et plus fondamentalement parce que les données peuvent servir à quelque chose plus tard, conformément au postulat épistémologique de recherche de corrélations « insoupçonnées » ; – Plus de distinction entre les données identifiantes et non-identifiantes : toutes les données sont potentiellement identifiantes, soit par la ré-identification dans les bases existantes, soit pas le croisement avec de nouvelles données collectées sans finalité préalable (cf. ci-dessus) ; – Pas de consentement, tout d’abord parce que la collecte se fait, de fait, à l’insu de l’utilisateur, et plus fondamentalement parce qu’il est impossible de demander le consentement pour des finalités non-définies (cf. ci-dessus). 15 Loi Informatique et Libertés (Loi no 78-17 du 6 janv. 1978 rel » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2275%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 75)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22VUC7Y8ZC%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffff00%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2277%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A12%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B85.039%2C434.128%2C382.675%2C447.388%5D%2C%5B70.867%2C421.132%2C382.716%2C434.392%5D%2C%5B70.867%2C408.136%2C382.665%2C421.504%5D%2C%5B70.867%2C395.092%2C382.661%2C408.4%5D%2C%5B70.867%2C382.144%2C382.681%2C395.404%5D%2C%5B70.867%2C369.148%2C382.64%2C382.408%5D%2C%5B70.879%2C356.104%2C222.019%2C369.52%5D%2C%5B85.039%2C343.128%2C382.664%2C356.388%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C330.08%2C382.668%2C343.388%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C317.08%2C130.025%2C330.496%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2277%22%7D%7D">« Le second diagramme semble être guidé par les contraintes de réactivité par rapport aux phénomènes traités et se voit imposer les délais de réponse dits « en temps réel ». Il puise ses racines dans data stream mining relativement ancien, puisque datant du début des années 2000. L’approche change ici radicalement : on passe du paradigme « capturer – analyser » à l’analyse à même le flux de données. On parle dès lors de Big Data Stream (flux de données). En langage informatique, le Big Data Stream s’oppose radicalement au Big Data Warehouse de la même manière que le stream processing s’oppose au batch processing » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2277%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 77)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22JIQBE866%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2278%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A13%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B99.213%2C497.255%2C382.678%2C508.435%5D%2C%5B99.213%2C486.255%2C382.676%2C497.435%5D%2C%5B99.213%2C475.255%2C357.638%2C487.772%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2278%22%7D%7D">« The analogy here is that working in data streams is much like panning for gold. As the data stream passes by, analysis occurs in parallel that seeks to capture the relevant nuggets of information to best address specific questions or areas of concern21. » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2278%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 78)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%229SQHL4FJ%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2282%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A17%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B140.225%2C454.896%2C382.677%2C468.156%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C441.996%2C382.67%2C455.256%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C429.096%2C342.946%2C442.356%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2282%22%7D%7D">« « Écotechnie signifie donc : l’être se révèle économiquement ; et la distinction entre la production comme concept économique et la production comme concept ontologique n’a plus cours32. » » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2282%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 82)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22HJLVK96M%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffff00%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2282%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A17%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B85.039%2C314.893%2C382.66%2C328.153%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C301.993%2C382.674%2C315.253%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C289.093%2C382.687%2C302.353%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C276.193%2C382.687%2C289.453%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C263.293%2C382.628%2C276.553%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C250.393%2C304.989%2C263.653%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2282%22%7D%7D">« Pour revenir plus spécifiquement au Big Data Stream, la réalité se dévoile ainsi, selon l’expression de Shoshana Zuboff, comme une nouvelle classe de marchandise : celle des comportements des êtres et des objets. Dans son travail récent, Zuboff évoque d’abord les trois « marchandises fictives » de Polanyi : la vie devenue travail, la nature devenue biens immobiliers, l’échange devenu monnaie. Elle y ajoute » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2282%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 82)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%223UZCEG3C%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffff00%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2283%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A18%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B85.039%2C545.196%2C382.675%2C558.564%5D%2C%5B70.867%2C531.948%2C382.675%2C545.256%5D%2C%5B70.867%2C518.796%2C382.691%2C532.056%5D%2C%5B70.867%2C505.596%2C382.673%2C518.856%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C492.396%2C382.659%2C505.656%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C479.196%2C382.692%2C492.456%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C465.996%2C382.678%2C479.256%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C452.796%2C382.683%2C466.056%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C439.596%2C382.678%2C452.856%5D%2C%5B70.872%2C426.396%2C382.652%2C439.656%5D%2C%5B70.86%2C413.196%2C191.902%2C426.456%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2283%22%7D%7D">« Cela veut dire exactement trois choses : que le produit du Big Data Stream est la réalité en tant que matière première du néolibéralisme et non en tant que « choses », « objets » ou « fonds » ; que cette réalité est le résultat de la naturalisation de comportements, eux-mêmes étant un produit dérivé des procédures complexes de traitement ; que plus ces comportements sont modulables, plus cette matière première est riche. On comprend alors mieux en quoi les « sociétés de contrôle » ne cherchent pas à uniformiser et à discipliner mais, au contraire, à moduler les comportements36 et à favoriser les différences individuelles : comme tout « data scientist » le sait, il y a peu à tirer des données provenant d’une population uniforme » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2283%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 83)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22A8LGBK8D%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2285%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A20%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B185.965%2C466.444%2C382.685%2C479.704%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C453.244%2C382.678%2C466.504%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C440.044%2C382.672%2C453.304%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C426.844%2C382.677%2C440.104%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C413.644%2C237.575%2C426.904%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2285%22%7D%7D">« Chez Foucault, nous l’avons déjà évoqué, le ressort interne des transformations historiques ne réside pas tant dans un diagramme particulier que dans la tension entre des diagrammes simultanés, l’exemple le plus connu étant la tension entre les mécanismes disciplinaires et de sécurité41. » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2285%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 85)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22JYE5BMGG%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2286%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A21%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B163.938%2C402.196%2C382.644%2C415.456%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C389.2%2C268.807%2C402.46%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2286%22%7D%7D">« C’est l’archive qui permet un recul, une prise de position critique et une prise sur le pouvoir. » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2286%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 86)<span class="highlight" data-annotation="%7B%22attachmentURI%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2FMZZFVHD9%22%2C%22annotationKey%22%3A%22TMB4VDT9%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23ffd400%22%2C%22pageLabel%22%3A%2286%22%2C%22position%22%3A%7B%22pageIndex%22%3A21%2C%22rects%22%3A%5B%5B272.155%2C389.2%2C382.667%2C402.46%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C376.196%2C382.651%2C389.456%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C363.148%2C382.679%2C376.564%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C350.2%2C382.705%2C363.46%5D%2C%5B70.866%2C337.204%2C208.878%2C350.464%5D%5D%7D%2C%22citationItem%22%3A%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2286%22%7D%7D">« En d’autres mots encore, si le diagramme est une représentation qui rend visibles les forces et les rapports de pouvoirs, les conditions de possibilité d’une prise sur les forces qui y circulent résident dans l’archive, et ceci en raison même de leur présupposition réciproque. » <span class="citation" data-citation="%7B%22citationItems%22%3A%5B%7B%22uris%22%3A%5B%22http%3A%2F%2Fzotero.org%2Fusers%2F13594%2Fitems%2F632KNPPQ%22%5D%2C%22locator%22%3A%2286%22%7D%5D%2C%22properties%22%3A%7B%7D%7D">(Khatchatourov, 2017, p. 86)</div>

Date de soumission

7 décembre 2022, 07:07:14 +00:00

Est référencé par

ARU3KE34

Est une partie de

Big Data entre l’archive et le diagramme

is compiled by

Lucky Semiosis

Complexité

197

Date de modification: 8 septembre 2023, 06:54:15 +00:00
Détails de la complexité: Physique,1,,,,,8,8; Physique,2,,,,,20,40; Actant,2,,,,,1,2; Concept,1,,,,,7,7; Concept,2,,,,,19,38; Rapport,1,1,Physique,Concept,properties,7,7; Rapport,1,1,Physique,Physique,values,7,7; Rapport,1,1,Physique,Physique,dcterms:isPartOf,1,1; Rapport,2,2,Physique,Concept,properties,15,30; Rapport,2,2,Physique,Physique,values,15,30; Rapport,2,2,Physique,Actant,dcterms:creator,1,2; Rapport,2,2,Physique,Actant,cito:isCompiledBy,1,2; Rapport,2,2,Physique,Concept,skos:semanticRelation,2,4; Rapport,2,2,Physique,Physique,uri,1,2; Rapport,1,1,Physique,Actant,cito:isCompiledBy,1,1; Rapport,2,2,Actant,Concept,properties,4,8; Rapport,2,2,Actant,Physique,values,4,8
Totaux de la complexité: Physique,2,1,2,28,48; Actant,1,2,2,1,2; Concept,2,1,2,26,45; Rapport,12,1,2,59,102; Existence,17,1,2,114,197

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